The impact of lifestyle change on the parameters of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes
Introduction: Changes in lifestyle can significantly affect the management of good glycemic control and target values of blood pressure and lipids. Objective: To determine the achievement of target values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure and lipids, in participants with type 2 diabetes, who used a proper diet and controlled physical activity. Method: The study was a prospective study, conducted on participants with type 2 diabetes, from 01 October 2012 until 31 October 2013, at the Primary Health Center Banja Luka, by 60 family medicine teams. At the beginning of the study, all participants had individual counseling on lifestyle changes, eating habits, and regulation of body weight. Results: The study included 591 participants with the type 2 diabetes. At the beginning of the study, 49.92% of participants adhered to the proper diet, and at the end 76.65% of them (p<0.001). Targeted value of HbA1c ≤ 6.5% was registered in 61.70% participants at the beginning of the study and at the end of the study in 86.62% participants (p <0.001); the target value of blood pressure (≤130/80 mmHg) was registered in 56.21% at the beginning, and at the end in 79.91% (p<0.002). Targeted value of total cholesterol was registered in 59.61% at the beginning of the study, and at the end of the study in 81.91% subjects (p <0.003). Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes individual counseling about lifestyle changes helps to attain optimal values of HbA1c, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels.