The research findings on the conceptual understanding of the microscopic models related to the electrical and thermal conductivity of solids
Microscopic models of the thermodynamic and transport phenomena of solids are included in the curricula of subjects dealing with these topics at all levels of education. However, a review of the research conducted shows that students of different age groups have many incorrect ideas about these phenomena. The incorrect ideas uncovered often stem from the abstract nature, complexity, and microscopic properties associated with the concepts involved. To effectively assess students’ understanding of the microscopic models of electrical and thermal conductivity of solids, a concept inventory named the METCS concept test was developed. This test encompasses a wide range of relevant concepts. Conducting the METCS test with a cohort of Croatian university students not only reaffirmed some previously acknowledged incorrect ideas but also revealed many new ones. It is important to gain insight into these ideas as this can support the development of targeted tutorials and teaching materials. These resources can help educators improve learning outcomes related to METCS concepts and ultimately promote deeper understanding among students.