PAZAR USTIKOLINA I SEDMIČNI PAZARNI DAN U 16. STOLJEĆU
Trg Ustikolina se spominje jos od 1394. godine u kontekstu trgovine voskom, kojom se narocito bavilo lokalno stanovnistvo. Osim toga, u Ustikolini su veoma rano bili aktivni i dubrovacki trgovci. Prema misljenju nekih od vodecih regionalnih medievista, Ustikolina nije mogla izdržati konkurenciju obližnjih, naprednijih trgova, Goražda i Foce, te se zbog toga ovaj trg nije mogao održati dugo. Međutim, iz sadržaja osmanskih izvora vidljivo je da su osmanske vlasti vec od prvog popisa 1468/1469. evidentirale prihode od tržne takse na pazaru Ustikolina, sto pokazuje da se, ipak, aktivno trgovalo. Kako bi se unaprijedila trgovina, sredinom 16. stoljeca focanski kadija poslao je Porti pismenu predstavku za promjenu održavanja sedmicnog pazara u Ustikolini. Traženo je da se pazar održava petkom umjesto subotom. Ovaj korak je poduzet radi racionaliziranja vremena i olaksavanja aktivnosti stanovnistva Ustikoline i njene okolice. Konkretan cilj je bio da se u istom danu mogu obaviti najvažniji sedmicni poslovi i prisustvovati obaveznoj sedmicnoj molitvi (džuma). U radu je posebna pažnja posvecena analizi dokumenta kojeg je Porta uputila focanskom kadiji u vezi s tim. Sadržaj spomenutog dokumenta otkriva nacin na koji je Osmanska država rjesavala određene probleme važne za lokalnu zajednicu, a održavanje sedmicnog pazara bio je jedan od takvih. Također, iz dokumenta se može utvrditi kako je Ustikolina imala džemat muslimana, džamiju u kojoj se obavljala centralna sedmicna molitva (džuma), pazar i ustanovljen pazarni dan, sto su bili osnovni preduvjeti da se neko mjesto proglasi kasabom. U radu su spomenute slicne prakse iz ovdasnjih krajeva, ali i glavne prijestolnice Istanbula, sto je jedan od pokazatelja centraliziranosti Osmanske države u 16. stoljecu. Na osnovu izloženog, primjetna je efikasnost upravnog aparata i to da administrativno uredovanje u nacinu funkcioniranja velikih i malih mjesta nije bilo prepusteno slucaju. U konkretnom primjeru, primjetno je da je pitanje uspostave i promjene sedmicnog pazara rjesavano službenim putem, definiranim državnim protokolom. --------------------------------------- Market Ustikolina and weekly market day in the 16th century Ustikolina market has been mentioned since 1394 for the business of the local population, which was especially engaged in the wax trade. In addition, Dubrovnik merchants were active in Ustikolina very early on. According to some of the leading historians of the medieval period, Ustikolina could not withstand the competition of the nearby, more advanced markets, Goražde and Foca. However, from the content of sources, it is evident that the Ottoman authorities have been recorded revenues from the market tax on the Ustikolina market since the first census of 1468/1469. That means that there were trade activities before that period. In order to improve trade, in the middle of the 16th century, the local judge sent to Porte a written petition to change the weekly market in Ustikolina. It was requested that the market be held on Fridays instead of Saturdays. Local authorities wanted to rationalize and facilitate the activities of the population of Ustikolina and its surroundings and make them able to do the most important weekly tasks on the same day and attend the obligatory Friday prayer. The paper pays special attention to the analysis of the document that Porte sent to the local judge in this regard. The content of the mentioned document reveals the way in which the Ottoman state solved certain problems that were important for the local community, and the holding of the weekly market was one of those. Also, from the document, it can be established that Ustikolina had a local Muslim community, a mosque where the central weekly prayer was performed, a market, and an established market day, which were the basic preconditions for declaring a place for an urban settlement. The paper mentions similar practices from the local area, but also from the main capital of Istanbul, which is one of the indicators to what extent it was centralized the Ottoman state in the 16th century. Based on the above, can be seen the efficiency of the governing apparatus whose administrative arrangement in the way of functioning of large and small places was not left to chance. In the concrete example, it can be seen that the issue of establishing and changing the weekly market was resolved officially, which was defined by the state protocol.