We explored the value of multiple longitudinal quantitative MRI (qMRI) measures in detecting microstructural changes occurring in normal-appearing tissue of patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). While no differences in qMRI longitudinal changes were measured between PwMS and healthy controls, progressive PwMS showed accelerated T1-relaxometry increase in normal-appearing tissue with respect to both healthy controls and relapsing-remitting PwMS, reflecting increased micro/macrostructural damage. In PwMS the rates of qMRI changes during follow-up were associated with the severity of clinical disability, with higher neurological impairment being associated with qMRI changes reflecting accelerated micro/macrostructural damage, demyelination, and axon/dendrite loss.

In-vivo quantification of axon diameter is an attractive and debated topic in the MRI community. The possibility to resolve submicrometric axon diameters non-invasively yields the potential to push further the boundaries in research and clinics but yet, further work is needed to better explore and validate the existing approaches to estimate the inner axon diameter. Recently, the feasibility of estimating the axon diameter from the intra-axonal transverse relaxation time has been investigated combining a diffusion-relaxation protocol and histological data. In the present study, we apply this approach in a larger in vivo population to assess variability across participants.

In the flood frequency assessment, engineers often face the problem of mixed peak data in the data record: some peaks are instantaneous daily flows (IDF), while the others are mean daily flows (MDF). If the problem is recognized, correction factor to the MDFs in the dataset is usually applied. In our research, we use flood flow datasets from 8 hydrologic stations with catchment area up to 1000 km 2 in the Sava River basin. Four hydrologic stations are located in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and four in Serbia. We apply Sangal’s procedure to establish a correction factor for a single station analysis to produce the IDFs from MDFs. We use three annual maxima datasets at each hydrologic station, comprising: 1) IDF only, 2) MDF only, and 3) mixed IDF and MDF (officially available). We subject each dataset to flood frequency assessment using USACE HEC-SSP Bulletin 17b and 17c analysis. The results show the diversity of flood quantile estimates at each station, with the most significant differences obtained according to expected probability curve in Bulletin 17b analysis. The highest uncertainty shown as mean square error of skewness coefficient is observed at stations with large data gaps, and large number of detected low outliers. The case study revealed a potential for significant underestimation or overestimation of flood

A new approach for estimating inner axon radii from intra-axonal T2 relaxation times was recently proposed. However, further validations are required before this technique can be used widely. The main aim of this study is to validate this T2-based pore size estimation technique in phantoms comprising co-electrospun hollow axon-mimicking fibres designed to have non-circular cross-sections and different radii distributions. For this purpose, a diffusion-relaxation MRI dataset was acquired with a 7T preclinical scanner, from which the intra-fibre T2 times and pore sizes were estimated. The resulting pore sizes were compared to those measured from Scanning Electron Microscope images.

. A truly important challenge in flood frequency assessment (FFA) in Bosnia and Herzegovina is lack of continuous gaged flow data, because the reliability of FFA results depends on the length and quality of flow records. At the case study location - hydrologic station (HS) Maglaj on the river Bosna the reference period for flow record is 1961-1990. The research goal in this paper is to exploit the water stage gauge data and information (1933-1960) for the extension of flow dataset from 30 to 58 years. We apply the original rating curve from the period 1960-1970 to the water table record to generate daily flow datasets. Anticipating three rating curve change developments, we generate six longer flow datasets -with and without instantaneous maxima, for the period 1933-1990 at HS Maglaj - Poljice. Together with two reference period flow datasets we arrive at the total of eight datasets/scenarios and subject these datasets to FFA on the annual maxima series and partial duration series. For the former, we use conventional statistical analysis (CSA) and for the latter, the peak over threshold (POT) method. The FFA results show no significant difference in the values of the selected quantiles for scenarios involving time extrapolation. The quantiles for the reference period 1961-1990 are generally higher, among both CSA and POT results. We find the absence of instantaneous maxima a major influence on FFA.

The utility of advanced quantitative MRI for assessment of spinal cord tissue damage in multiple sclerosis has not yet been established. In this work, we used T1-mapping as well as quantitative magnetization transfer saturation and echo-planar imaging to quantify the extent of pathologic changes in the cervical cord of multiple sclerosis patients. Our results point to extensive demyelination and axonal loss both in the normal-appearing and lesional cervical cord, as well as to and chronic inflammation of cSCWM lesions in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Hence, quantitative spinal cord MRI may provide valuable information about the pathologic substrate of this disease.

lower HbA1c in normal glycaemia state but higher HbA1c in hyperglycaemia state (before pharmacological treatment was indicated in patients with type 2 diabetes); metformin, but not sulfonylurea treatment reverses the genetic impact on HbA1c

Anthropometric parameters of elite male runners sprint: are body height and weight predictors results. Abstract Purpose . Athletic sprint runs are cyclical movements of maximum intensity. Speed, reaction time, agility and explosiveness are of special importance in sprinters. The main goal of the research is to determine the influence of Body height (BH) and Body weight (BW) with the best achieved results of in sprint disciplines (60m,100m,200m). Material and methods. In study included 40 competitors, top male sprinters (BH=180,45±6,88cm; BW=78,83±7,69kg). Their achieved best results in sprint disciplines were analyzed (60m, 100m, 200m). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between body height and body weight and the results of sprint disciplines. Also a univariate model of regression analysis was applied and the relevant coefficients were calculated. The level of acceptance of statistical significance was set to p<0.05. Results. The simple regression analysis did not show a statistically significant influence of body height and body weight on the result of sprint running. Low correlations (BH vs. 100m = -0.306), (BW vs. 100m = -0.226) and (BH vs. 200m = -0.221) and insignificant correlations with an inverse relationship between results and anthropometric measures are mainly evident. Conclusion. Body height and body weight did not have a statistically significant effect on the results of the 60m sprint, while their influence is evident in the 100m, and especially in the 200m (but without statistical significance). This influence on the result of running 100 and 200m is a consequence of the exceptional motor-functional abilities of the sprinter to show greater force in the last phase of the rebound. Otherwise in the sprint, the rear rebound phase is much more important than the front rebound phase. A long step with the body weight (muscle) of the sprinter produces a higher rebound force, which with a big frequency of steps and good tecnique guarantees a good result.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, which can progress to severe AP, with a high risk of death. It is one of the most complicated and clinically challenging of all disorders affecting the abdomen. The main causes of AP are gallstone migration and alcohol abuse. Other causes are uncommon, controversial and insufficiently explained. The disease is primarily characterized by inappropriate activation of trypsinogen, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and destruction of secretory cells. According to the revised Atlanta classification, severity of the disease is categorized into three levels: Mild, moderately severe and severe, depending upon organ failure and local as well as systemic complications. Various methods have been used for predicting the severity of AP and its outcome, such as clinical evaluation, imaging evaluation and testing of various biochemical markers. However, AP is a very complex disease and despite the fact that there are of several clinical, biochemical and imaging criteria for assessment of severity of AP, it is not an easy task to predict its subsequent course. Therefore, there are existing controversies regarding diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, their effectiveness and complications in the treatment of AP. The main reason being the fact, that the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AP have not been fully elucidated and need to be studied further. In this editorial article, we discuss the efficacy of the existing diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, complications and treatment failure in the management of AP.

The aim of the research is to determine predictive value of kinematics’ parameter variable value of a long jump affecting effecting jump length. The research was conducted on the sample of 50 students I year of Faculty of physical education and sport. The sample of variables presented 9 kinematics parameters variables (as predictor variable system) and one variable effective long jump length (as criteria variable). In order to determine predictor set of variables and criteria variable of a long jump we applied regression analysis. Appliance of regression analysis we obtained that the coefficient of multiple correlations (R) of predictor set of data with criteria variable KPEDSK (effective long jump length). 806, with total variability (R Square) .646 on the level of significance .000, According to analysis of individual partial regression correlation of predictor variable kinematics parameters affecting criteria variable KPEDSK, we can conclude that the biggest and statistically significant influence had three variables as follows; KPBZ5M – speed in last 5 meters (.465 Beta), then KPVTTO variable – body gravity height at bounce (.556 Beta) and variable KPVTTL – body gravity height in the highest stage of a flight (.673 Beta). We assume that the results of the research can help further planning and programming of education, curriculum and training.

This paper presents a comparison of critical loads for trusses, calculated by linear and nonlinear stability analysis. Analyses are provided by using finite elements method. In linear case, critical load is extracted from derived algebraic eigenvalue problem. In case of nonlinear analysis, critical load is determined by construction of postbuckling equilibrium path. Numerical examples for characteristics trusses are given. It is shown that in the case of some perfect trusses, linear approach may produce significant error in the calculation of critical load, and nonlinear analysis should be introduced. The conclusions about conditions for using linear and nonlinear approach to critical load calculation for trusses are derived. 1. INTRODUCTION Stability analysis of engineering constructions requires calculation of buckling load and corresponding buckling shape. Stability problems are almost simplified by neglecting pre-buckling deformation, and considering construction with no imperfection (perfectly straight beams, etc.). This assumptions enables deriving eigenvalue problem, which solutions are critical (buckling) load and corresponding buckling shape. It is known that in case of beam stability analysis, these assumptions are correct and theoretical value of buckling load, if imperfections are sufficiently small, may be in practice closely obtained [1,2]. In case of beams, axial deformation does not change straight-line state of the beam, but, in case of some perfect trusses, prebuckling deformation may change distribution of forces in constitutive bars, and also acts as imperfection. Truss-like structures are widely used as load bearing structures, because of their relatively high stiffness related to low mass. In this paper is considered problem of calculation of critical load of truss structure. Both linear and nonlinear calculation is done using finite element method. Linear stability analysis is provided by solving linear algebraic eigenvalue problem, which derivation is also presented. In linear approach, prebuckling deformations are neglected. Nonlinear analysis is performed using linear expressions for constitutive matrices in equilibrium equation. Because of possible large displacements, analysis is done iteratively, checking does equilibrium of forces at every node is satisfied. Residual forces are used as additional nodal forces, until it reaches sufficiently small value. On this approach to nonlinear analysis, prebuckling deformation are taken into account. Results are compared for the specific two bar truss, commonly used in demonstration of numerical methods [5]. It is shown that in case of trusses, linear approach may lead to large overestimation of critical load, and that control of results using nonlinear analysis should be done.

Almost 200 years have passed since the pure substance was first isolated, but scientists still face similar challenges. Quinine - the first chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of malaria, is one of the good examples from history that testifies to the challenges in drug development. The aim of the paper was to present the history of the discovery and synthesis of quinine and its importance in medicine. Descriptive research was conducted using secondary data sources during September and October 2022. Quinine is one of the first active substance whose effectiveness has been proven in clinical research. Its widespread consumption soon led to a shortage of quinine, and new sources of this valuable active substance had to be provided. The challenges of plantation cultivation were solved by developing botany and its chemical synthesis through organic chemistry. By researching quinine, numerous pharmacologically active substances such as caffeine and methylene blue were found, which will start a revolution in the chemical industry and the industry of organic synthesis. With the development of resistance to antimalarials, quinine experienced its heyday again because it proved to be effective even in resistant strains. Quinine represents a significant historical discovery that influenced the development of many scientific disciplines, primarily pharmacy, medicine, and organic chemistry. The history of quinine provides us with an important historical lesson that we need to be aware of in today's time when the pharmacy is facing the significant challenges of developing new drugs. Acta Medica Medianae 2023;62(2):xx-xx.

Objectives: The aim of study was to explore the pattern of the changes in haematological and iron status parameters of acute coronary syndrome patients through period 1-7 day of hospital admission in order to define the type of anaemia. Methods: Forty-one patients (15 female and 26 male patients, aged 36-81years) of the Clinic for Heart Disease and Rheumatism, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo have been included in the cross-sectional study. Haematological and serum iron status parameters have measured on days 1 and 7 of hospital admission. A decrease in haemoglobin levels to <13g/dl in men and <12g/dl in women was notified as anaemia. Results: A significant reduction in red blood cells count, haemoglobin, haematocrit (p<0.01), iron, total iron binding capacity (p<0.05) and significant ferritin elevation (p<0.05) within period the 1-7 day were noted. Percent of anaemic patients on day 1 was 17.07 % with increase of number on day 7 (36.36%). Serum ferritin has been elevated with reduction of red blood cells count, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (p<0.05); haemoglobin, haematocrit (p<0.01) at first 24 hours of admission in anaemic versus non-anaemic patients. Conclusion: Anaemic patients had significantly lower values of percent transferrin saturation (p<0.05), red blood cells count, haemoglobin, haematocrit (p<0.01) compared to non anaemic on day 7. A statistically significant negative correlations were obtained between serum iron and C-reactive protein; cardiac troponin I and total iron binding capacity (rho=-0.389, p<0.05; rho=0.331; p<0.05, respectively). Observed changes in laboratory parameters through period 1-7 day indicate inflammatory type of anaemia in acute coronary syndrome.

All cases o f OLR during a period o f five years in the Department o f Oral Pathology are analyzed. The aim o f this study was. to present epidemiological and clinical findings o f OLR to determine if Grinspan syndrome exist and if so in what percentage. OLR affected women more frequently (72.3%) then men (27.7%), and after the age o f 40 OLR is more frequent. The ratio o f lichen ruber planus and erosivus was 68.5% : 31.5%. DM is present in 16.1%, hypertension in 30.1%, Grinspan syndrome in 4.2% cases. All the six cases o f Grinspan sy­ ndrome had the erosive form of lichen. There is also significant correlati­ on o f OLR with gastrointestinal disease (85.3%), where, gastritis and hepathobiliar diseases prevail.